2015年职位预测竞赛
Happy New Year! 2015 is 11111011111 in binary so it’s got to be a great year for technology! My 2014 predictions were half right so let’s see if I can do better in the coming year. The mists are clearing and there’s ectoplasm seeping from my keyboard…
新年快乐！ 2015年是二进制的11111011111，所以对于技术来说一定是伟大的一年！ 我对2014年的预测是正确的一半，所以让我们看看我能否在来年做得更好。 薄雾正在清除，键盘上有种质渗出……
It’s taken too long but we’ll finally have good responsive image support across several mainstream desktop and mobile browsers (other than just Chrome/Opera):
花费了很长时间，但是我们最终将在几种主流的台式机和移动浏览器(不仅仅是Chrome / Opera)上获得良好的响应图像支持：
the img srcset attribute allows you to specify the same image at different resolutions according to the device’s screen capabilities
img srcset属性允许您根据设备的屏幕功能以不同的分辨率指定相同的图像
the picture element allows art direction. Different images can be presented based on the device’s size and orientation. For example, you might offer a photograph of a forest on a desktop but a couple of trees on mobile.
picture元素允许艺术指导。 可以根据设备的大小和方向显示不同的图像。 例如，您可以在桌面上提供一张森林的照片，而在移动设备上提供几棵树的照片。
Use cases will differ but the important point is the browser decides which asset to use — you just provide the choices.
用例会有所不同，但重点是浏览器决定要使用的资产-您只需提供选择即可。
If Google are to be believed, Web Components are the future of the web platform. The technology comprises:
如果相信Google，那么Web组件就是Web平台的未来。 该技术包括：
HTML Templates — clone-able chunks of DOM HTML模板-DOM的可克隆块 The Shadow DOM — element and styling encapsulation Shadow DOM-元素和样式封装 Custom Elements — expanding HTML’s existing tag set 自定义元素-扩展HTML的现有标签集 HTML Imports — client-side includes HTML导入-客户端包括In essence, you can create reusable client-side components that are encapsulated and cannot clash with other code or parts of the page. Polymer provides a Web Components shim so you can use it today but widespread usage can only occur once we have native cross-browser support. 2015 is a little ambitious but interest in the technology will rise considerably during the year.
本质上，您可以创建可重用的客户端组件，这些组件被封装并且不会与页面的其他代码或部分冲突。 Polymer提供了Web Components填充程序，因此您现在就可以使用它，但是只有在获得本机跨浏览器支持后，才能广泛使用。 2015年有点雄心勃勃，但这一年对该技术的兴趣将大大提高。
Node.js has been available for five years. It’s been used in high-profile systems from eBay, PayPal, Uber, Yahoo!, and Walmart but the JavaScript-based server-side technology remains a fairly niche option outside the cutting-edge tech community.
Node.js已经发布了五年。 它已在eBay，PayPal，Uber，Yahoo！和Walmart的高端系统中使用，但是基于JavaScript的服务器端技术在尖端技术社区之外仍然是相当利基的选择。
2015 will be a great year for Node.js. It may not dent PHP, Ruby, Java, or .NET significantly but we’ll see an exponential rise in usage and projects. It’s possible a fork such as JavaScript I/O or JXcore could do well but Node.js has early momentum.
对于Node.js而言，2015年将是伟大的一年。 它可能不会大大削弱PHP，Ruby，Java或.NET，但我们会看到其用法和项目呈指数级增长。 JavaScript I / O或JXcore之类的fork可能做得很好，但是Node.js的发展势头很早。
Unfortunately, there’s a downside for all developers no matter what technology stack you use…
不幸的是，无论您使用哪种技术堆栈，所有开发人员都有一个缺点。
The web has been inundated with thousands of useful HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server-side frameworks to cater for every development whim. This has generally been a good thing but, as Louis Lazaris mentioned in a recent SitePoint newsletter, is a backlash imminent?
Web上已经被成千上万的有用HTML，CSS，JavaScript和服务器端框架所淹没，以迎合每种开发需求。 这通常是一件好事，但是，正如路易斯·拉扎里斯(Louis Lazaris)在最近的SitePoint时事通讯中提到的那样，强烈反对即将到来吗？
New and shiny frameworks are great — until they’re updated. It’s difficult to improve a system without changing the API or working processes. Consider AngularJS. It’s one of the most popular client-side application frameworks, but version 2.0 is incompatible with version 1.x. There’s no simple upgrade path and developers have complained. (Perhaps it would have been preferable to create a separate project?)
新颖的框架很棒-直到对其进行更新。 不更改API或工作流程就很难改进系统。 考虑一下AngularJS。 它是最流行的客户端应用程序框架之一，但是2.0版与1.x版不兼容。 没有简单的升级途径，开发人员对此有所抱怨。 (也许最好创建一个单独的项目？)
The overwhelming number of frameworks can also lead to choice paralysis. It’s easy for developers to spend an inordinate amount of time researching the best option. Choosing the wrong option can be painful — in extreme cases, development has to be restarted with a different framework.
大量的框架也可能导致选择瘫痪 。 开发人员很容易花费大量时间来研究最佳选择。 选择错误的选项可能会很痛苦–在极端情况下，必须使用其他框架重新开始开发。
Fortunately, improvements in browser technology often make frameworks redundant. Today, the reasons to use jQuery have diminished and projects such as Polymer are designed to become obsolete.
幸运的是，浏览器技术的改进通常会使框架变得多余。 如今，使用jQuery的原因已经减少，诸如Polymer之类的项目被设计为过时的。
Frameworks will never disappear but the days of monolithic catch-all solutions such as YUI are over. Developers will migrate to smaller, feature-specific components which can be dropped or replaced easily. The concept has already been embraced by the Node.js and Ruby communities.
框架永远不会消失，但是像YUI这样的整体式解决方案的时代已经过去。 开发人员将迁移到较小的，特定于功能的组件，可以轻松删除或替换它们。 这个概念已经被Node.js和Ruby社区所接受。
Let’s be clear: Google is incredibly successful and isn’t going anywhere but the company will face several challenges during 2015.
让我们明确一点：Google取得了令人难以置信的成功，并且进展不佳，但该公司在2015年将面临若干挑战。
The rapid rise of small-screen mobile devices makes advertising more difficult. 小屏幕移动设备的Swift崛起使广告变得更加困难。 Amazon is the outright winner in the ecommerce world. Relatively few people use Google to search for products. 亚马逊是电子商务世界的绝对赢家。 很少有人使用Google搜索产品。 Mozilla has switched Firefox’s default search away from Google in the US and some other territories. Mozilla已将Firefox的默认搜索从美国和其他一些地区的Google移开。 Facebook is launching a YouTube competitor. Facebook正在推出YouTube竞争对手。 The company is attracting attention for the wrong reasons. Anti-trust complaints, privacy issues, and off-shore tax loopholes have all hit the headlines. 由于错误的原因，该公司引起了人们的注意。 反托拉斯投诉，隐私问题和离岸税收漏洞都成为头条新闻。People no longer believe the “Don’t be evil” mantra (did they ever?)
人们不再相信“别作恶”的口头禅(他们曾经吗？)
Google’s success owes much to the failure of competitors, but those companies are beginning to hit back. The incredible growth cannot be sustained forever — although there is some good news for Google shareholders…
Google的成功很大程度上归功于竞争对手的失败，但这些公司开始反击。 令人难以置信的增长不可能永远保持下去-尽管对Google股东来说是个好消息……
An easy win here. According to StatCounter, Chrome’s desktop browser stands at 48% at the end of 2014 — it will exceed one in every two web browser requests during the first quarter of 2015.
在这里轻松获胜。 根据StatCounter的数据 ，Chrome的桌面浏览器在2014年底的比例为48％-在2015年第一季度，每两个Web浏览器请求中的请求数量将超过一个。
However, I predict the same will happen for Chrome on mobile which currently holds slightly under 30% of the market. It won’t happen until later in the year and depends on the death of the stock Android browser, but it has a good chance of succeeding.
但是，我预计目前在移动市场上的Chrome所占份额不到30％，情况也会如此。 直到今年晚些时候它才会发生，这取决于现有的Android浏览器的死机，但是成功的机会很大。
The situation is less positive for other vendors…
对于其他供应商而言，情况则不太乐观……
Microsoft and Mozilla have been hit by Chrome’s success. Forget the history — both organizations create great browsers with features that match or exceed Google’s software. But they’re not better in all areas. Neither browser offers a compelling reason to switch from Chrome.
微软和Mozilla受到Chrome成功的打击。 忘掉历史-两家公司都创建了功能强大的浏览器，这些浏览器的功能与Google的软件相匹配或超越。 但是它们并不是在所有领域都更好。 两种浏览器都不提供从Chrome切换的令人信服的理由。
By the end of 2015, Firefox will have around 15% market share. IE is dropping faster and will fall slightly below that figure.
到2015年底，Firefox将拥有约15％的市场份额。 IE的下降速度更快，将略低于该数字。
Apple’s desktop Safari browser is becoming increasingly irrelevant but it’ll be propped up on mobile devices by the continuing success of the iPhone and iPad. Speaking of mobile…
苹果的桌面Safari浏览器变得越来越无关紧要，但iPhone和iPad的持续成功将为移动设备提供支持。 说到手机…
It’s been predicted for many years, but the proportion of mobile web users will reach parity with those on desktop devices by the end of 2015. 2014 saw a rise from 20% to 34% and that trend will continue.
预计已经有很多年了，但是到2015年底，移动网络用户的比例将与台式机用户达到同等水平。2014年，移动网络用户的比例将从20％上升到34％，并且这种趋势还将继续。
If your site and services don’t cater for a mobile audience, now is the time to start planning a new strategy because…
如果您的网站和服务不适合移动用户，那么现在是时候开始计划新策略了，因为……
We’ve concentrated on making sites respond to screen size. What we haven’t done is make them responsive to user interaction and bandwidth. The web has an amazing future but people often prefer native apps because they’re faster and, in some cases, offer a smaller installation package than a corresponding web page.
我们专注于使网站能够响应屏幕尺寸。 我们还没有做的是使它们响应用户交互和带宽。 网络的发展前景十分可观，但人们通常更喜欢本机应用程序，因为它们速度更快，并且在某些情况下提供的安装包比相应的网页要小。
Average page weight has doubled during the past three years to reach an obese 2MB. Has your fixed and mobile bandwidth doubled during the same period? Are web sites and applications twice as good?
在过去三年中，平均页面重量增加了一倍，达到2MB。 您的固定带宽和移动带宽是否在同一时期翻了一番？ 网站和应用程序的质量是两倍吗？
Performance has been highlighted by many in the industry but it’s yet to encroach on the general consciousness of web developers. The economy is partly to blame; building something quickly and cheaply is an attractive option. But it’s not cost effective if people refuse to use your cumbersome, resource-hogging application or demand native apps.
业界许多人已经强调了性能，但尚未侵蚀Web开发人员的普遍意识。 经济部分归咎于此； 快速而廉价地建造东西是一个有吸引力的选择。 但是，如果人们拒绝使用您的繁琐，占用大量资源的应用程序或要求使用本机应用程序，那么这样做的成本效益就不高。
2015 is the year to re-evaluate and prioritize performance. Perhaps we need to return to the ideology of the dial-up internet days when developers would strive for efficiency. Let’s rediscover those lost skills.
2015年是对绩效进行重新评估和优先排序的一年。 也许我们需要回到拨号互联网时代的意识形态，那时开发商会努力提高效率。 让我们重新发现那些失去的技能。
Is Microsoft breeding Babel fish? The promise of near-instant natural language translation via Skype will transform the world. The web has already shattered geographic boundaries but Skype could do the same for communication and co-operation. It will open new opportunities for businesses and freelancers everywhere.
微软在繁殖通天塔鱼吗？ 通过Skype立即进行自然语言翻译的承诺将改变世界。 网络已经打破了地理界限，但是Skype可以在通信和合作方面做同样的事情。 它将为各地的企业和自由职业者提供新的机会。
Presuming it works, of course. I’d be surprised if Skype can translate the subtleties and nuances of all languages but, at the very least, it’ll help me understand those Australians at SitePoint HQ!
当然，假设它可行。 如果Skype可以翻译所有语言的细微差别，我会感到惊讶，但是，至少，它可以帮助我了解SitePoint总部的那些澳大利亚人！
All the best for 2015!
祝2015年一切顺利！
翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/10-web-predictions-2015/
2015年职位预测竞赛
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