Base64是网络上一种常用于传输字节码的编码方式之一，比较简单通用。
文件类型：
文件类型Base64类型docdata:application/msword;base64,docxdata:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;base64,xlsdata:application/vnd.ms-excel;base64,xlsxdata:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;base64,pdfdata:application/pdf;base64,pptdata:application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;base64,pptxdata:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;base64,txtdata:text/plain;base64,图片类型：
图片类型Base64类型pngdata:image/png;base64,jpgdata:image/jpeg;base64,jpegdata:image/jpeg;base64,gifdata:image/gif;base64,svgdata:image/svg+xml;base64,icodata:image/x-icon;base64,bmpdata:image/bmp;base64,通用类型：
二进制类型Base64类型octet-streamdata:application/octet-stream;base64,
第一步：创建一个maven项目，引入了一个Apache的Base64 jar
<dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> <version>1.10</version> </dependency>
第二步：创建一个Base64类型枚举类
package com.oysept.base64.enums; /** * base64文件类型,前缀 * @author ouyangjun */ public enum Base64FileTypeEnum { // 文件类型 BASE64_FILETYPE_DOC("doc", "data:application/msword;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_DOCX("docx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_XLS("xls", "data:application/vnd.ms-excel;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_XLSX("xlsx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_PDF("pdf", "data:application/pdf;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_PPT("ppt", "data:application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_PPTX("pptx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_TXT("txt", "data:text/plain;base64,"), // 图片类型 BASE64_FILETYPE_PNG("png", "data:image/png;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_JPG("jpg", "data:image/jpeg;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_JPEG("jpeg", "data:image/jpeg;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_GIF("gif", "data:image/gif;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_SVG("svg", "data:image/svg+xml;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_ICO("ico", "data:image/x-icon;base64,"), BASE64_FILETYPE_BMP("bmp", "data:image/bmp;base64,"), // 二进制流 BASE64_FILETYPE_OCTET_STREAM("octet-stream", "data:application/octet-stream;base64,"), ; private Base64FileTypeEnum(String code, String value) { this.code = code; this.value = value; } private String code; private String value; public String getCode() {return code;} public String getValue() {return value;} public static String value(String code) { Base64FileTypeEnum[] types = values(); for (Base64FileTypeEnum x : types) { if (x.getCode().equals(code)) { return x.getValue(); } } return null; } }
第三步：创建一个Base64对文件编码、解码的工具类
package com.oysept.base64.utils; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import com.oysept.base64.enums.Base64FileTypeEnum; public class FileUtils { // 获取文件转换之后的base64内容 public static String encodeBase64File(String prefix, File file) { try { if (file == null || !file.exists() || prefix == null) { return null; } long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // base64文件前缀 String base64Format = Base64FileTypeEnum.value(prefix.toLowerCase()); if (base64Format == null || "".equals(base64Format)) { return null; } // 获取文件流 InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedInputStream bufInput = new BufferedInputStream(in); // 缓存流 // 先把二进制流写入到ByteArrayOutputStream中 ByteArrayOutputStream byteArray = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] bt = new byte[4096]; int len; while ((len = bufInput.read(bt)) != -1) { byteArray.write(bt, 0, len); } byteArray.flush(); long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("==>encodeBase64File, 把文件转换成base64编码, 总耗时: " + (endTime - beginTime) + "ms"); // 返回 return base64Format + Base64.encodeBase64String(byteArray.toByteArray()); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } // 把base64文件解码 public static String decodeBase64String(String prefix, String base64String) { try { if (prefix == null || base64String == null) { return null; } long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 把base64前缀截取掉 // base64文件前缀 String value = Base64FileTypeEnum.value(prefix.toLowerCase()); if (value == null || "".equals(value)) { return null; } // 替换 String tempBase64String = base64String.replace(value, ""); // 把base64字符串转换成字节 byte[] bytes = Base64.decodeBase64(tempBase64String); // 转换成字节输入流 ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes); // 把base64编码文件还原, 并存放到指定磁盘路径中 OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\new_test." + prefix)); // 写文件 byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; int len = 0; while ((len = in.read(buffer)) != -1) { out.write(buffer, 0, len); // 文件写操作 } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("==>decodeBase64String, 解析base64编码文件, 总耗时: " + (endTime - beginTime) + "ms"); return "success"; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
第四步：用main方法测试
package com.oysept.base64; import java.io.File; import com.oysept.base64.utils.FileUtils; public class LocalBase64Test { public static void main(String[] args) { // 获取文件, 对文件base64编码 File file = new File("D:\\test.txt"); String prefix = "txt"; // base64文件内容 String base64String = FileUtils.encodeBase64File(prefix, file); System.out.println("文件base64加密之后的内容(太长, 控制台可能打印不出来): \n" + base64String); // 获取base64文件, 进行解码 FileUtils.decodeBase64String(prefix, base64String); } }base64编码前：
base64编码后：
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