2014 was quite a year, especially for technology and how it affects everyone. Here are some of my highlights, lowlights and observations on the year and how it maybe affected developers.
2014年是相当多的一年，尤其是对于技术及其如何影响每个人。 这是我对本年度的一些亮点，不足之处和观察，以及它可能会如何影响开发人员。
The two main mobile operating systems both released major new versions with accompanying API and design language changes. Google gave us Material design with Android Lollipop and Apple released iOS 8, introducing many new ideas and set Apples path for unifying more with their desktop OS. In Android’s case, the changes are still rolling out to many, but one of the interesting factors this time was that both releases were plagued with problems. It has meant that take up has not been as fast or as successful as in previous releases, reducing peoples excitement somewhat.
两个主要的移动操作系统都发布了主要的新版本，并附带了API和设计语言的更改。 谷歌通过Android Lollipop为我们提供了Material Design设计 ，苹果发布了iOS 8 ，引入了许多新想法，并为苹果树立了通过其桌面操作系统实现更多统一的道路。 在Android的情况下，更改仍在扩展，但这次有趣的因素之一是两个版本都存在问题。 这意味着占用不如以前的发行版那么快或成功，从而在某种程度上减少了人们的兴奋感。
Just as we all thought we were getting on top of the fragmentation problem prevalent in (some) mobile devices, 2014 was the year that it came back to haunt us. Not only did Apple release a new wave of device sizes to supplement Androids current section, but the range of devices we could develop for also increased. This gives us all far more opportunities, but many more factors to consider as we are increasingly aware that just rolling out our apps with the interface scaled up or down doesn’t always cut it. In recognition of this extra work, the latest iterations of developer tools for most major mobile platforms now offer more assistance and APIs to help create apps that can function in different contexts.
正如我们所有人都认为我们正在解决(某些)移动设备中普遍存在的碎片化问题一样，2014年又是困扰我们的一年。 苹果不仅发布了新一轮的设备尺寸浪潮来补充Android的当前部分，而且我们可以开发的设备范围也增加了。 这给我们所有人带来了更多的机会，但是还有更多要考虑的因素，因为我们越来越意识到，仅在界面放大或缩小的情况下推出我们的应用程序并不会总是减少它。 为了认识到这项额外的工作，现在针对大多数主要移动平台的开发人员工具的最新版本提供了更多帮助和API，以帮助创建可以在不同上下文中运行的应用程序。
I think this will feature on a lot of tech-writers’ lists. There were high profile breaches such as eBay, Target, JP Morgan, Sony, Snap Chat and many smaller cases. Some were due to internal issues and inadequacies, others due to software and others just a concerted effort from attackers. Continuing from 2013’s Snowden revelations, this is compounded with an increasing amount of people questioning just what it is that governments and corporations do with all that data they’re recording on us. I feel that 2014 was a year when these issues began to be understood and appreciated by those who don’t spend a lot of our time worrying about these things, and that is an important watershed. This has led to an increasing amount of interest in apps and services that have privacy and secrecy in mind and this affects us as App developers. We will need to be increasingly conscious regarding information we collect, how it is stored and how we balance that requirement with revenue models, marketing and UX analysis. I think these will be some of the biggest discussions of 2015.
我认为这将出现在许多技术作家的名单上。 有一些引人注目的违规行为，例如eBay，Target，JP Morgan，Sony，Snap Chat和许多较小的案件。 有些是由于内部问题和不足，某些是由于软件，而其他只是攻击者的共同努力。 继2013年的斯诺登(Snowden)启示之后，越来越多的人开始质疑政府和公司对他们在我们身上记录的所有数据的处理方式。 我觉得2014年是那些不花很多时间担心这些事情的人开始理解和欣赏这些问题的一年，这是一个重要的分水岭。 这导致人们对具有隐私和保密性的应用程序和服务越来越感兴趣，这对我们作为应用程序开发人员的影响。 我们将需要对所收集的信息，如何存储信息以及我们如何在收入模型，市场营销和用户体验分析之间平衡需求进行意识。 我认为这些将是2015年最大的讨论。
Following on from Security, 2014 was not a great year for software exploits. For me Heart bleed and Drupal were the big items. The reason I include this is due to the questions that arose regarding the sustainability of open source projects. It’s not a new question, but again one that was placed in the minds of the mainstream. Adding to all the other factors we now need to consider is how we sustain our projects, be that financially, structurally, preventing burn out, culture and more. This applies to open source and commercial projects and open source / commercial hybrids. I found this talk from Dries Buytaert a great introduction to some ideas for the future.
从Security接，而至之后，2014年对于软件利用而言并不是丰收的一年。 对我而言， 心脏出血和Drupal是大项目。 我之所以将其包括在内，是由于对开源项目的可持续性提出了疑问。 这不是一个新问题，而是又一次出现在主流思想中。 我们现在需要考虑的所有其他因素是，我们如何维持我们的项目，无论是在财务上，在结构上，防止精疲力竭，文化养成等等。 这适用于开源和商业项目以及开源/商业混合。 我发现Dries Buytaert的演讲很好地介绍了未来的一些想法。
Two of Technologies oldest and biggest stalwarts proved they had moved beyond their founders’ visions by defining their own, very different approaches. Tim Cook has moved Apple into a (slightly) more open and approachable company. They have been listening more, integrating more and moving a few steps beyond their traditional “we know best” attitude. Microsoft had a similar year, more out of necessity than choice. Under the leadership of Satya Nadella, Microsoft have made some bold new approaches in the way they market and sell some of their key products. They have also been far more open and approachable, spending increasing time building applications for other platforms and open sourcing key projects.
技术上最古老和最大的坚定者中的两个证明了他们通过定义自己的，截然不同的方法已经超越了创始人的视野。 蒂姆·库克(Tim Cook)已将苹果公司转变为(稍微)更加开放和平易近人的公司。 他们一直在倾听更多的声音，进行更多的整合，并超越了传统的“我们最了解”的态度。 微软经历了相似的一年，更多的是出于必然，而不是选择。 在萨蒂亚·纳德拉(Satya Nadella)的领导下，微软在营销和销售一些关键产品的方式上采取了一些大胆的新方法。 它们也更加开放和易于使用，花费更多的时间来构建其他平台的应用程序和开源关键项目。
Having recently moved back to Europe this year, but listening primarily to US tech news, this ongoing saga has been an interesting one to follow. A lot of the EU government(s) issues with the prominence of US tech companies and the power they wield relates to many of the other points above, especially privacy and security. What has been interesting is listening to the different regional perspectives and arguments as various micro issues emerge. This is still unravelling and I have mixed feelings on the issue, wondering if whilst the motivations are solid, often the reaction is poorly planned. Some of the services the EU takes major issue with are incredibly popular and whilst their practises may be shady I wonder what could viably replace them and how happy will the European population be with they favourite services vanishing or becoming crippled?
今年以来，他最近搬回了欧洲，但主要听了美国的科技新闻，这个持续不断的传奇故事值得关注。 欧盟政府中很多与美国科技公司的知名度和它们行使的权力有关的问题都与上述许多其他方面有关，尤其是隐私和安全性。 有趣的是，随着各种微观问题的出现，倾听了不同的区域观点和论点。 这仍然没有解决，我对此问题有不同的看法，想知道虽然动机很坚定，但React计划往往不合理。 欧盟主要关注的某些服务非常受欢迎，尽管它们的做法可能是阴暗的，但我想知道有什么方法可以切实取代它们，欧洲人将以他们最喜欢的服务消失或残废而感到高兴吗？
The emergence and growth of technology in the developing world is an issue I have been watching, finding it hard to get exact details on what is happening but maintaining extreme interest never the less. Several major players prepared or made their moves in the mobile space this year with Firefox Phone and Android One launching in many countries as ‘affordable’ smart phones. There is tremendous enthusiasm and a lot of people in these countries, so this looks to be even bigger news in 2015 and we should pay extra attention to the development opportunities emerging.
我一直在关注发展中国家技术的兴起和发展，发现很难获得正在发生的事情的确切细节，但始终保持极大的兴趣。 Firefox手机和Android One在许多国家/地区作为“价格适中”的智能手机推出，因此今年有几家主要厂商在移动领域做好了准备或采取了行动。 这些国家热情高涨，人很多 ，因此在2015年这似乎是更大的新闻，我们应格外注意出现的发展机会。
Phew! That’s me done for now, unless think of anything else, which I’ll add into the comments below. This is by no means comprehensive, so please feel free to add your own comments and items to the list. As well as any opinions on what I have said.
！ 除非有其他考虑，否则我现在就完成了，我将在下面的评论中添加这些内容。 这绝不是全面的，因此请随时在列表中添加您自己的评论和项目。 以及对我所说的任何意见。
Happy Festive Seasons, New Years and here’s to an interesting 2015!
节日快乐，新年快乐，这是一个有趣的2015年！
翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/2014-review-niches-become-mainstream/
相关资源：jdk-8u281-windows-x64.exe