今天听了一个webinar,是讲美国的内河运输系统的。两个presenters主要介绍了关于美国内河的硬件设施,包括船公司,船型,航道条件等。重点介绍了内河维护工程。 令人印象深刻的是,这些航道维护工程的资金来自政府以及内河的利用者(liner companies) 政府拨款很好理解,这是很常见的公共设施维护的资金来源。 那么those who utilize the waterway 的出资比例以及资金管理如何做呢? 美国采用的是首先fuel tax: 向使用这条内河的船公司征税,按油耗的正比例收,0.02/gallon 逐渐上涨到 0.2/gallon 然后这笔钱交给信托基金 Inland waterway trust fund 来管理,然后用于内河工程的修缮,比如修水闸 lock, Lower Monongahela 降低河床等projects. 改善河道条件,是有econimic benefits的,因此有公司甚至愿意提升自己的缴税比例(有种融资的感觉,虽然自己多缴纳5%的税,但是其他大公司也会相应交更高税,然后干更多钱的事情,享受更多利益)具体的决策过程应该挺有意思。缴税一方面是成本,另一方面又是会带来成正相关的收益。
Inland waterway对美国农业十分重要: the importance of inland waterway to U.S. Agriculture Report modal comparisons:A MODAL COMPARISON OF DOMESTIC FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION EFFECTS ON THE GENERAL PUBLIC: 2001–2014
文献梳理:
内河运输业Policy/barriers Intermodal Logistics Policies in the EU, the US and JapanModal shift to inland waterways: dealing with barriers in two Swedish casesDrivers and Barriers for Inland Waterway Transportation 内河与农业 US the importance of inland waterway to U.S. Agriculture Report PPP in 内河 Poland (PLANNED) PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLISH INLAND WATERWAYS Optimization problems in inland waterway: Forecasting inland waterway grain trafficA Bender’s based nested decomposition algorithm to solve a stochastic inland waterway port management problem considering perishable productSolving a stochastic inland waterway port management problem using a parallelized hybrid decomposition algorithm