Spring Boot实战-配置过滤器的两种方式

tech2025-03-01  13

首先在介绍springboot实现过滤器之前,我们先来了解下sevlet的三大组件: Spring Boot @ServletComponentScan 扫描 @WebServlet、@WebFilter、@WebListener Servlet 三大组件 Servlet、Filter、Listener 在传统项目中需要在 web.xml 中进行相应的配置。Servlet 3.0 开始在 javax.servlet.annotation 包下提供 3 个对应的 @WebServlet、@WebFilter、@WebListener 注解来简化操作 @WebServlet、@WebFilter、@WebListener 写在对应的 Servlet、Filter、Listener 类上作为标识,从而不需要在 web.xml 中进行配置了 Spring Boot 应用中这三个注解默认是不被扫描的,需要在项目启动类上添加 @ServletComponentScan 注解, 表示对 Servlet 组件扫描

@WebServlet

import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; /** * 标准的 Servlet ,实现 javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet. 重写其 doGet 、doPost 方法 * name :表示 servlet 名称,可以不写,默认为空 * urlPatterns: 表示请求的路径,如 http://ip:port/context-path/userServlet */ @WebServlet(name = "UserServlet", urlPatterns = {"/userServlet"}) public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(req, resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { StringBuffer requestURL = req.getRequestURL(); System.out.println("com.wmx.servlet.UserServlet -- " + requestURL); resp.sendRedirect("/index.html");//浏览器重定向到服务器下的 index.html 页面 } }

@WebFilter

import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; /** * 标准 Servlet 过滤器,实现 javax.servlet.Filter 接口,并重现它的 3 个方法 * filterName:表示过滤器名称,可以不写 * value:配置请求过滤的规则,如 "/*" 表示过滤所有请求,包括静态资源,如 "/user/*" 表示 /user 开头的所有请求 */ @WebFilter(filterName = "SystemFilter", value = {"/*"}) public class SystemFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { System.out.println("com.wmx.servlet.SystemFilter -- 系统启动..."); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { //转为 HttpServletRequest 输出请求路径 HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; System.out.println("com.wmx.servlet.SystemFilter -- 过滤器放行前...." + request.getRequestURL()); filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); System.out.println("com.wmx.servlet.SystemFilter -- 过滤器返回后...." + request.getRequestURL()); } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println("com.wmx.servlet.SystemFilter -- 系统关闭..."); } }

@WebListener

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener; /** * 标准 Servlet 监听器,实现 javax.servlet.ServletContextListener 接口,并重写方法 * ServletContextListener 属于 Servlet 应用启动关闭监听器,监听容器初始化与销毁。常用的监听器还有: * ServletRequestListener:HttpServletRequest 对象的创建和销毁监听器 * HttpSessionListener:HttpSession 数据对象创建和销毁监听器 * HttpSessionAttributeListener 监听HttpSession中属性变化 * ServletRequestAttributeListener 监听ServletRequest中属性变化 */ @WebListener public class SystemListener implements ServletContextListener { @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { System.out.println("com.wmx.servlet.SystemListener -- 服务器启动."); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { System.out.println("com.wmx.servlet.SystemListener -- 服务器关闭."); } }

@ServletComponentScan

Spring Boot 应用中这三个注解默认是不被扫描的,需要在项目启动类上添加 @ServletComponentScan 注解, 表示对 Servlet 组件扫描

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; @SpringBootApplication @ServletComponentScan //对 servlet 注解进行扫描 public class RedisStuWebApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RedisStuWebApplication.class, args); } }

在介绍完sevlet的三大组件之后,我们再来学习如何实现过滤器就不会那么迷茫了……

Spring Boot配置过滤器的两种方式

@WebFilter注解方式

使用@WebFilter注解为声明当前类为filter,第一个参数为该filter起一个名字,第二个参数为说明要拦截的请求地址,当前类需要实现Filter接口,里面有三个方法,分别为过滤器初始化、过滤方法和过滤器销毁

@Slf4j @WebFilter(filterName = "myFilter1", urlPatterns = "/*") public class MyFilter1 implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { log.info(filterConfig.getFilterName() + " init"); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) { log.info("myFilter1 begin"); try { log.info("业务方法执行"); chain.doFilter(request, response); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("error!", e); } log.info("myFilter1 end"); } @Override public void destroy() { } }

启动类添加@ServletComponentScan注解,@ServletComponentScan注解所扫描的包路径必须包含该Filter,代码如下: 之所以加这个注解,因为springboot默认不扫描Servlet的三大组件,所以需要加

@SpringBootApplication @ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.example.demo.filter") public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }

@Bean注解方式

新建MyFilter2.java类,不要加注解@WebFilter,代码如下:

@Slf4j public class MyFilter2 implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { log.info(filterConfig.getFilterName() + " init"); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) { log.info("myFilter2 begin"); try { log.info("业务方法执行"); chain.doFilter(request, response); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("error!", e); } log.info("myFilter2 end"); } @Override public void destroy() { } }

新建配置类WebConfig.java,配置bean,代码如下:

@Configuration public class WebConfig { @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean testFilterRegistration() { //配置多个过滤规则 // List<String> urls = new ArrayList<>(); // urls.add("/order/*"); // urls.add("/user/*"); // registration.setUrlPatterns(urls); FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean(new MyFilter2()); registration.addUrlPatterns("/test"); // registration.setName("myFilter2"); return registration; } }

查看运行效果

项目启动后浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/test,可以看到过滤器已生效,后台打印日志如下:

[nio-8080-exec-1] com.example.demo.filter.MyFilter1 : myFilter1 begin [nio-8080-exec-1] com.example.demo.filter.MyFilter1 : 业务方法执行 [nio-8080-exec-1] com.example.demo.filter.MyFilter1 : myFilter1 end

到此Spring Boot配置过滤器的两种方式已经全部实现,有问题欢迎留言沟通哦!

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