MySQL的分组查询group by

tech2025-06-22  7

group by

(1)、group by的含义:将查询结果按照1个或多个字段进行分组,字段值相同的为一组。 (2)、group by可用于单字段分组,也可用于多个字段分组。

复制代码select * from employee; +------+------+--------+------+------+-------------+ | num | d_id | name | age | sex | homeaddr | +------+------+--------+------+------+-------------+ | 1 | 1001 | 张三 | 26 || beijinghdq | | 2 | 1002 | 李四 | 24 || beijingcpq | | 3 | 1003 | 王五 | 25 || changshaylq | | 4 | 1004 | Aric | 15 || England | +------+------+--------+------+------+-------------+ select * from employee group by d_id,sex; select * from employee group by sex; +------+------+--------+------+------+------------+ | num | d_id | name | age | sex | homeaddr | +------+------+--------+------+------+------------+ | 2 | 1002 | 李四 | 24 || beijingcpq | | 1 | 1001 | 张三 | 26 || beijinghdq | +------+------+--------+------+------+------------+

根据sex字段来分组,sex字段的全部值只有两个(‘男’和’'女),所以为了分组,当group by单独使用时,只显示每组的第一条记录,所以group by单独使用的实际意义不大。

group by + group_concat()

(1)、group_concat(字段名)可以作为一个输出字段来使用。 (2)、表示分组之后,根据分组结果,使用group_concat()来放置每一组的某字段的值的集合。

复制代码select sex from employee group by sex; +------+ | sex | +------+ || || +------+ select sex,group_concat(name) from employee group by sex; +------+--------------------+ | sex | group_concat(name) | +------+--------------------+ || 李四 | || 张三,王五,Aric | +------+--------------------+ select sex,group_concat(d_id) from employee group by sex; +------+--------------------+ | sex | group_concat(d_id) | +------+--------------------+ || 1002 | || 1001,1003,1004 | +------+--------------------+

group by + 集合函数

(1)、通过group_concat()的启发,我们既然可以统计出每个分组的某字段的值的集合,那么我们也可以通过集合函数来对这个‘“值的集合”做一些操作。

复制代码select sex,group_concat(age) from employee group by sex; +------+-------------------+ | sex | group_concat(age) | +------+-------------------+ || 24 | || 26,25,15 | +------+-------------------+ 分别统计性别为男/女的人年龄平均值 select sex,avg(age) from employee group by sex; +------+----------+ | sex | avg(age) | +------+----------+ || 24.0000 | || 22.0000 | +------+----------+ 分别统计性别为男/女的人的个数 select sex,count(sex) from employee group by sex; +------+------------+ | sex | count(sex) | +------+------------+ || 1 | || 3 | +------+------------+

group by + having

(1)、having条件表达式:用来分组查询后指定一些条件来输出查询结果。 (2)、having作用和where一样,但having只能用于group by

select sex,count(sex) from employee group by sex having count(sex)>2; +------+------------+ | sex | count(sex) | +------+------------+ || 3 | +------+------------+

group by + with rollup

(1)、with rollup的作用是:在最后新增一行,来记录当前列里所有记录的总和。

select sex,count(age) from employee group by sex with rollup; +------+------------+ | sex | count(age) | +------+------------+ || 1 | || 3 | | NULL | 4 | +------+------------+ select sex,group_concat(age) from employee group by sex with rollup; +------+-------------------+ | sex | group_concat(age) | +------+-------------------+ || 24 | || 26,25,15 | | NULL | 24,26,25,15 | +------+-------------------+
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