学习django第一天

    很少写博客，之前工作中曾经用过一段时间django框架，后来基本忘记了，所以今天开始打算，从头再过一遍，开始学习django框架。

    首先说明开发环境python3.6+django2.2+mysql5.7，版本不同有些地方配置可能不一样，百度一下基本都可以解决问题，环境安装很简单不过多叙述。

一、用命令创建一个django项目，项目名称为SchoolManagementProject。

django-admin startproject SchoolManagementProject

二、切换到该目录下，命令行创建一个应用myApp,命令行如下：python manage.py startapp myApp。（这两步如果遇到错误可以百度解决很简单）

三、创建个名为shool的数据库（名字随意，后面保持统一就好）

四、打开pycharm，修改SchoolManagementProject目录下settings.py文件，在INSTALL_APPS的代码段下新增myApp以及修改DATABASES代码段为

INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'myApp', ] DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'school', 'USER':'root', 'PASSWORD':'你的密码', 'HOST':'127.0.0.1', 'PORT':'3306' } }

五、

在models文件下新建数据库关联类，Grades和Students

 

class Grades(models.Model): class Meta: db_table = "grades" ordering = ["id"] name = models.CharField(max_length=20) girlnum = models.IntegerField() boynum = models.IntegerField() isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False) class Students(models.Model): class Meta: db_table = "students" ordering = ["id"] name = models.CharField(max_length=20) gender = models.BooleanField() age = models.IntegerField() contend = models.CharField(max_length=40) isDelete = models.BooleanField(default= False) #外键关联 grade = models.ForeignKey("Grades", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

六、

在SchoolManagementProject文件夹下的__init__.py文件里新增如下代码

import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

七、

执行如下命令生成迁移文件：python manage.py makemigrations

八、

执行如下命令生成表：python manage.py migrate

九、

使用如下命令创建后台管理用户：python manage.py createsuperuser

十、

修改settings文件的这两行如下：

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

 十一、

在myApp的admin.py文件下新增如下代码

from myApp.models import Grades,Students class StudentsInLine(admin.TabularInline): model = Students extra = 2 @admin.register(Grades) class GradesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [StudentsInLine] list_display = ["pk", "name", "girlnum", "boynum", "isDelete"] # admin.site.register(Grades,GradesAdmin) @admin.register(Students) class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def gender_handler(self): if self.gender: return "男" return "女" gender_handler.short_description = "性别" def name_handler(self): return self.name name_handler.short_description = "姓名" def age_handler(self): return self.age age_handler.short_description = "年龄" def contend_handler(self): return self.contend contend_handler.short_description = "描述" def grade_handler(self): return self.grade grade_handler.short_description = "班级" def isDelete_handler(self): if self.isDelete: return "是" return "否" isDelete_handler.short_description = "是否删除" # 执行动作的位置 actions_on_top = False actions_on_bottom = True # 列表页属性 list_display = ["pk", name_handler, gender_handler, age_handler, contend_handler, grade_handler, isDelete_handler] list_filter = ["grade"] search_fields = ["name"] list_per_page = 4 # 添加、修改页属性 # fields = ["name", "age", "gender", "grade", "contend", "isDelete"] fieldsets = [ ("base", {"fields":["name", "age", "gender"]}), ("more", {"fields":["grade", "contend", "isDelete"]}) ]

十二，在数据库中插入数据，然后输入命令python manage.py runserver 启动程序，打开浏览器，输入 127.0.0.1/admin 可以打开后台页面，因为此时直接输入127.0.0.1 展示django的欢迎界面