转载:https://www.cnblogs.com/primadonna/p/10470472.html
什么是JDBC
Java Database Connectivity 是一种用于执行SQL语句的Java API,与数据库建立连接、发送 操作数据库的语句并处理结果。
Spring Boot 使用 JDBC
增加依赖
修改pom.xml:将dependecies 修改为如下两个 <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
创建 Customer.java 类
package com.example.kane.Model;
public class Customer {
private long id;
private String firstName, lastName;
public Customer(long id, String firstName, String lastName) {
this.id = id;
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format(
"Customer[id=%d, firstName='%s', lastName='%s']",
id, firstName, lastName);
}
// getters & setters omitted for brevity
}
修改Application 类
package com.example.kane;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.example.kane.Model.Customer;
@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableScheduling
public class RestfulWebService1Application implements CommandLineRunner{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestfulWebService1Application.class);
public static void main(String args[]) {
SpringApplication.run(RestfulWebService1Application.class, args);
}
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {
log.info("Creating tables");
jdbcTemplate.execute("DROP TABLE customers IF EXISTS");
jdbcTemplate.execute("CREATE TABLE customers(" +
"id SERIAL, first_name VARCHAR(255), last_name VARCHAR(255))");
// Split up the array of whole names into an array of first/last names
List<Object[]> splitUpNames = Arrays.asList("John Woo", "Jeff Dean", "Josh Bloch", "Josh Long").stream()
.map(name -> name.split(" "))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// Use a Java 8 stream to print out each tuple of the list
splitUpNames.forEach(name -> log.info(String.format("Inserting customer record for %s %s", name[0], name[1])));
// Uses JdbcTemplate's batchUpdate operation to bulk load data
jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate("INSERT INTO customers(first_name, last_name) VALUES (?,?)", splitUpNames);
log.info("Querying for customer records where first_name = 'Josh':");
jdbcTemplate.query(
"SELECT id, first_name, last_name FROM customers WHERE first_name = ?", new Object[] { "Josh" },
(rs, rowNum) -> new Customer(rs.getLong("id"), rs.getString("first_name"), rs.getString("last_name"))
).forEach(customer -> log.info(customer.toString()));
}
}
说明
官网的例子,没有配置JDBC Template的Datasource,默认使用的是H2 的内存存储的数据库,只能当做测试使用。下面会有介绍更改DataSource的方法
介绍下 CommandLineRunner
功能
在项目启动后,执行执行功能,我们可以定一个类,去实现CommandLineRunner接口,重写run方法,执行一部分操作。需要注意的是,定义类必须标记为Spring管理的组件
测试类
package com.example.kane.Model;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@Order(value=1) //因为可能有许多事情要做,Order 可以根据大小,判读执行的顺序
public class run_after_application implements CommandLineRunner{
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("-----------------------");
}
}
介绍下JdbcTempalte
在JDBC核心包中,JdbcTemplate是主要的类,简化了JDBC的使用,避免了一些常规错误。它能够执行JDBC核心流程,在应用代码之上提供SQL语句、导出结果。这个类执行SQL查询、更新、对结果集重复操作捕获JDBC的异常。并将它翻译成org.springframework.dao 包中定义的基本的、信息量更大的异常层次结构。
JDBC构造方法
JdbcTemplate()
//为Bean创建一个JdbcTemplate以供使用
//再没配置DataSource的情况下 springboot提供了 一些嵌入式的数据库支持,上面的例子使用的就是H2数据库,是一个内存的数据库
JdbcTemplate(javax.sql.DataSource dataSource)
//构造的时候传入一个 DataSource,来获取链接
//JdbcTemplate Spring boot默认链接的是H2 database,
在spring boot中配置mysql 数据库
数据库配置类 db_config
package com.example.kane.config;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
public class db_config {
//这个类是一个Config类
@Value("${db.driver}")
private String DRIVER;
@Value("${db.password}")
private String PASSWORD;
@Value("${db.url}")
private String URL;
@Value("${db.username}")
private String USERNAME;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource1() {
BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(DRIVER);
dataSource.setUrl(URL);
dataSource.setUsername(USERNAME);
dataSource.setPassword(PASSWORD);
return dataSource;
}
}
application.properties
# Database
# mysqljdbc连接驱动
db.driver:com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
db.url:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
db.username:root
db.password:root
pom.xmlapplication 启动类修改 @Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
//下面是加载了数据库的配置。只需要增加这个
@Autowired
db_config db_config;
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 需要用到commons-dbcp连接池,以及连接mysql使用的drver-->