1、 什么是Qt事件驱动？
2、我们在写Qt工程类项目的时候都会发现，主程序里面都有这么一段代码：
//通过分析最终qt中的事件还是调用各平台的驱动程序通过消息队列方式进行派发，翻译，解析 识别 处理具体的函数！
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
MainWindow w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
实际上a.exec()便是Qt程序进入事件消息循环，具体我们进入代码内部看看：
int QCoreApplication::exec()
{
if (!QCoreApplicationPrivate::checkInstance("exec"))
return -1;
//获取线程数据
QThreadData *threadData = self->d_func()->threadData;
//判断是否在主线程创建
if (threadData != QThreadData::current()) {
qWarning("%s::exec: Must be called from the main thread", self->metaObject()->className());
return -1;
}
//判断eventLoop是否已经创建
if (!threadData->eventLoops.isEmpty()) {
qWarning("QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop is already running");
return -1;
}
threadData->quitNow = false;
QEventLoop eventLoop;
self->d_func()->in_exec = true;
//创建eventLoop
int returnCode = eventLoop.exec();
threadData->quitNow = false;
if (self) {
self->d_func()->in_exec = false;
//退出程序
emit self->aboutToQuit();
sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);
}
return returnCode;
}
再来到qeventloop.cpp中。
int QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
{
Q_D(QEventLoop);
if (d->threadData->quitNow)
return -1;
//已经调用过exec了。
if (d->inExec) {
qWarning("QEventLoop::exec: instance %p has already called exec()", this);
return -1;
}
d->inExec = true;
d->exit = false;
++d->threadData->loopLevel;
//将事件类对象压入线程结构体中
d->threadData->eventLoops.push(this);
// remove posted quit events when entering a new event loop
// 这句不用翻译了把！
if (qApp->thread() == thread())
QCoreApplication::removePostedEvents(qApp, QEvent::Quit);
#if defined(QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
while (!d->exit)
//这里才是关键,我们还要继续跟踪进去。
processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents);
#else
try {
while (!d->exit)
processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents);
} catch (...) {
//如果使用了EXCEPTION，则继续对下一条时间进行处理。
qWarning("Qt has caught an exception thrown from an event handler. Throwing\n"
"exceptions from an event handler is not supported in Qt. You must\n"
"reimplement QApplication::notify() and catch all exceptions there.\n");
throw;
}
#endif
//退出eventloop前，将时间对象从线程结构中取出。
QEventLoop *eventLoop = d->threadData->eventLoops.pop();
Q_ASSERT_X(eventLoop == this, "QEventLoop::exec()", "internal error");
Q_UNUSED(eventLoop); // --release warning
d->inExec = false;
--d->threadData->loopLevel;
//退出事件循环。
return d->returnCode;
}
来到了processEvents函数：
bool QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
{
Q_D(QEventLoop);
//判断事件分派器是否为空。
if (!d->threadData->eventDispatcher)
return false;
if (flags & DeferredDeletion)
QCoreApplication::sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);
//调用不同平台下的事件分派器来处理事件。
return d->threadData->eventDispatcher->processEvents(flags);
}
processEvents是在QAbstractEventDispatcher类中定义的纯虚方法。在QEventDispatcherWin32类有processEvents的实现。
bool QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags flags)
{
Q_D(QEventDispatcherWin32);
//内部数据创建。registerClass注册窗口类，createwindow创建窗体。
//注册socket notifiers，启动所有的normal timers
if (!d->internalHwnd)
createInternalHwnd();
d->interrupt = false;
emit awake();
bool canWait;
bool retVal = false;
do {
QCoreApplicationPrivate::sendPostedEvents(0, 0, d->threadData);
DWORD waitRet = 0;
HANDLE pHandles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1];
QVarLengthArray<MSG> processedTimers;
while (!d->interrupt) {
DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();
Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);
MSG msg;
bool haveMessage;
if (!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents) && !d->queuedUserInputEvents.isEmpty()) {
// process queued user input events处理用户输入事件，放入队列中。
haveMessage = true;
msg = d->queuedUserInputEvents.takeFirst();
} else if(!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers) && !d->queuedSocketEvents.isEmpty()) {
// process queued socket events 处理socket事件，放入队列中。
haveMessage = true;
msg = d->queuedSocketEvents.takeFirst();
} else {
//从消息队列中取消息，同PeekMessage
haveMessage = winPeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents)
&& ((msg.message >= WM_KEYFIRST
&& msg.message <= WM_KEYLAST)
|| (msg.message >= WM_MOUSEFIRST
&& msg.message <= WM_MOUSELAST)
|| msg.message == WM_MOUSEWHEEL)) {
// queue user input events for later processing
haveMessage = false;
d->queuedUserInputEvents.append(msg);
}
if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers)
&& (msg.message == WM_USER && msg.hwnd == d->internalHwnd)) {
// queue socket events for later processing
haveMessage = false;
d->queuedSocketEvents.append(msg);
}
}
if (!haveMessage) {
// no message - check for signalled objects
for (int i=0; i<(int)nCount; i++)
pHandles[i] = d->winEventNotifierList.at(i)->handle();
//注册signal--slot。
waitRet = MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(nCount, pHandles, 0, QS_ALLINPUT, MWMO_ALERTABLE);
if ((haveMessage = (waitRet == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nCount))) {
// a new message has arrived, process it
continue;
}
}
//事件队列中有事件需要处理。
if (haveMessage) {
//处理timer事件
if (msg.message == WM_TIMER) {
// avoid live-lock by keeping track of the timers we've already sent
bool found = false;
for (int i = 0; !found && i < processedTimers.count(); ++i) {
const MSG processed = processedTimers.constData()[i];
found = (processed.wParam == msg.wParam && processed.hwnd == msg.hwnd && processed.lParam == msg.lParam);
}
if (found)
continue;
processedTimers.append(msg);
} else if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) {
if (QCoreApplication::instance())
QCoreApplication::instance()->quit();
return false;
}
//消息分发处理。
if (!filterEvent(&msg)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
QT_WA({
DispatchMessage(&msg);
} , {
DispatchMessageA(&msg);
});
}
} else if (waitRet >= WAIT_OBJECT_0 && waitRet < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nCount) {
//处理signal--slot
d->activateEventNotifier(d->winEventNotifierList.at(waitRet - WAIT_OBJECT_0));
} else {
// nothing todo so break
break;
}
retVal = true;
}
// still nothing - wait for message or signalled objects
QThreadData *ddata = d->threadData;
canWait = (!retVal
&& data->canWait
&& !d->interrupt
&& (flags & QEventLoop::WaitForMoreEvents));
if (canWait) {
DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();
Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);
for (int i=0; i<(int)nCount; i++)
pHandles[i] = d->winEventNotifierList.at(i)->handle();
emit aboutToBlock();
waitRet = MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(nCount, pHandles, INFINITE, QS_ALLINPUT, MWMO_ALERTABLE);
emit awake();
if (waitRet >= WAIT_OBJECT_0 && waitRet < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nCount) {
d->activateEventNotifier(d->winEventNotifierList.at(waitRet - WAIT_OBJECT_0));
retVal = true;
}
}
} while (canWait);
return retVal;
}
QT源码中事件处理过程中调用函数如下：
QApplication::exec()
QCoreApplication::exec()
QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags )
QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags )
QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags)
QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
bool QETWidget::translateMouseEvent(const MSG &msg)
bool QApplicationPrivate::sendMouseEvent(...)
inline bool QCoreApplication::sendSpontaneousEvent(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
bool QCoreApplication::notifyInternal(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
bool QApplication::notify(QObject *receiver, QEvent *e)
bool QApplicationPrivate::notify_helper(QObject *receiver, QEvent * e)
bool QWidget::event(QEvent *event)
1.进入QApplication事件循环
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication app(argc, argv);
Widget window; // Widget 继承自QWidget
window.show();
return app.exec(); // 进入Qpplication事件循环
}
2.进入QCoreApplication事件循环
int QApplication::exec()
{
#ifndef QT_NO_ACCESSIBILITY
QAccessible::setRootObject(qApp);
#endif
//简单的交给QCoreApplication来处理事件循环
return QCoreApplication::exec();
}
3.进入QeventLoop事件队列循环
int QCoreApplication::exec()
{
if (!QCoreApplicationPrivate::checkInstance("exec"))
return -1;
//得到当前Thread数据
QThreadData *threadData = self->d_func()->threadData;
if (threadData != QThreadData::current()) {
qWarning("%s::exec: Must be called from the main thread", self->metaObject()->className());
return -1;
}
//检查event loop是否已经创建
if (!threadData->eventLoops.isEmpty()) {
qWarning("QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop is already running");
return -1;
}
threadData->quitNow = false;
QEventLoop eventLoop;
self->d_func()->in_exec = true;
self->d_func()->aboutToQuitEmitted = false;
//委任QEventLoop 处理事件队列循环
int returnCode = eventLoop.exec();
threadData->quitNow = false;
if (self) {
self->d_func()->in_exec = false;
if (!self->d_func()->aboutToQuitEmitted)
emit self->aboutToQuit();
self->d_func()->aboutToQuitEmitted = true;
sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);
}
return returnCode;
}
4.进入QEventLoop::processEvents
int QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
{
Q_D(QEventLoop); //访问QEventloop私有类实例d
//we need to protect from race condition with QThread::exit
QMutexLocker locker(&static_cast<QThreadPrivate *>(QObjectPrivate::get(d->threadData->thread))->mutex);
if (d->threadData->quitNow)
return -1;
if (d->inExec) {
qWarning("QEventLoop::exec: instance %p has already called exec()", this);
return -1;
}
d->inExec = true;
d->exit = false;
++d->threadData->loopLevel;
d->threadData->eventLoops.push(this);
locker.unlock();
// remove posted quit events when entering a new event loop
QCoreApplication *app = QCoreApplication::instance();
if (app && app->thread() == thread())
QCoreApplication::removePostedEvents(app, QEvent::Quit);
//这里的实现代码不少，最为重要的是以下几行
#if defined(QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
while (!d->exit)
processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents | EventLoopExec);#else
try {
while (!d->exit) //只要没有遇见exit，循环派发事件
processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents | EventLoopExec);
} catch (...) {
qWarning("Qt has caught an exception thrown from an event handler. Throwing\n"
"exceptions from an event handler is not supported in Qt. You must\n"
"reimplement QApplication::notify() and catch all exceptions there.\n");
// copied from below locker.relock();
QEventLoop *eventLoop = d->threadData->eventLoops.pop();
Q_ASSERT_X(eventLoop == this, "QEventLoop::exec()", "internal error");
Q_UNUSED(eventLoop); // --release warning
d->inExec = false;
--d->threadData->loopLevel;
throw;
}#endif
// copied above locker.relock();
QEventLoop *eventLoop = d->threadData->eventLoops.pop();
Q_ASSERT_X(eventLoop == this, "QEventLoop::exec()", "internal error");
Q_UNUSED(eventLoop); // --release warning
d->inExec = false;
--d->threadData->loopLevel;
return d->returnCode;
}
5.事件处理QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents
bool QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
{
Q_D(QEventLoop);
if (!d->threadData->eventDispatcher)
return false;
if (flags & DeferredDeletion)
QCoreApplication::sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);
//将事件派发给与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher子类
return d->threadData->eventDispatcher->processEvents(flags);
}
6.将获取的事件打包为消息，传递给操作系统
AbstractEventDispatcher的子类QEventDispatcherWin32获得用户的输入事件，并将其打包成message后，通过标准的Windows API传递给Windows OS。
bool QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags flags)
{
Q_D(QEventDispatcherWin32);
if (!d->internalHwnd)
createInternalHwnd();
d->interrupt = false;
emit awake();
bool canWait;
bool retVal = false;
bool seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
bool needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
do {
DWORD waitRet = 0;
HANDLE pHandles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1];
QVarLengthArray<MSG> processedTimers;
while (!d->interrupt) {
DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();
Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);
MSG msg;
bool haveMessage;
if (!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents) && !d->queuedUserInputEvents.isEmpty()) {
// process queued user input events
haveMessage = true;
msg = d->queuedUserInputEvents.takeFirst(); //从处理用户输入队列中取出一条事件，处理队列里面的用户输入事件
} else if(!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers) && !d->queuedSocketEvents.isEmpty()) {
// process queued socket events
haveMessage = true;
msg = d->queuedSocketEvents.takeFirst(); // 从处理socket队列中取出一条事件,处理队列里面的socket事件
} else {
haveMessage = PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents)
&& ((msg.message >= WM_KEYFIRST
&& msg.message <= WM_KEYLAST)
|| (msg.message >= WM_MOUSEFIRST
&& msg.message <= WM_MOUSELAST)
|| msg.message == WM_MOUSEWHEEL
|| msg.message == WM_MOUSEHWHEEL
|| msg.message == WM_TOUCH
#ifndef QT_NO_GESTURES
|| msg.message == WM_GESTURE
|| msg.message == WM_GESTURENOTIFY#endif
|| msg.message == WM_CLOSE)) {
// queue user input events for later processing
haveMessage = false;
d->queuedUserInputEvents.append(msg); // 用户输入事件入队列，待以后处理 }
if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers)
&& (msg.message == WM_QT_SOCKETNOTIFIER && msg.hwnd == d->internalHwnd)) {
// queue socket events for later processing
haveMessage = false;
d->queuedSocketEvents.append(msg); // socket 事件入队列，待以后处理 }
}
if (!haveMessage) {
// no message - check for signalled objects
for (int i=0; i<(int)nCount; i++)
pHandles[i] = d->winEventNotifierList.at(i)->handle();
waitRet = MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(nCount, pHandles, 0, QS_ALLINPUT, MWMO_ALERTABLE);
if ((haveMessage = (waitRet == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nCount))) {
// a new message has arrived, process it
continue;
}
}
if (haveMessage) {
#ifdef Q_OS_WINCE
// WinCE doesn't support hooks at all, so we have to call this by hand :(
(void) qt_GetMessageHook(0, PM_REMOVE, (LPARAM) &msg);#endif
if (d->internalHwnd == msg.hwnd && msg.message == WM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS) {
if (seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS) {
// when calling processEvents() "manually", we only want to send posted
// events once
needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = true;
continue;
}
seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = true;
} else if (msg.message == WM_TIMER) {
// avoid live-lock by keeping track of the timers we've already sent
bool found = false;
for (int i = 0; !found && i < processedTimers.count(); ++i) {
const MSG processed = processedTimers.constData()[i];
found = (processed.wParam == msg.wParam && processed.hwnd == msg.hwnd && processed.lParam == msg.lParam);
}
if (found)
continue;
processedTimers.append(msg);
} else if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) {
if (QCoreApplication::instance())
QCoreApplication::instance()->quit();
return false;
}
if (!filterEvent(&msg)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg); //将事件打包成message调用Windows API派发出去
DispatchMessage(&msg); //分发一个消息给窗口程序。消息被分发到回调函数，将消息传递给windows系统，windows处理完毕，会调用回调函数 => section 7 }
} else if (waitRet < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nCount) {
d->activateEventNotifier(d->winEventNotifierList.at(waitRet - WAIT_OBJECT_0));
} else {
// nothing todo so break
break;
}
retVal = true;
}
// still nothing - wait for message or signalled objects
canWait = (!retVal
&& !d->interrupt
&& (flags & QEventLoop::WaitForMoreEvents));
if (canWait) {
DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();
Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);
for (int i=0; i<(int)nCount; i++)
pHandles[i] = d->winEventNotifierList.at(i)->handle();
emit aboutToBlock();
waitRet = MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(nCount, pHandles, INFINITE, QS_ALLINPUT, MWMO_ALERTABLE | MWMO_INPUTAVAILABLE);
emit awake();
if (waitRet < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nCount) {
d->activateEventNotifier(d->winEventNotifierList.at(waitRet - WAIT_OBJECT_0));
retVal = true;
}
}
} while (canWait);
if (!seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS && (flags & QEventLoop::EventLoopExec) == 0) {
// when called "manually", always send posted events
QCoreApplicationPrivate::sendPostedEvents(0, 0, d->threadData);
}
if (needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS)
PostMessage(d->internalHwnd, WM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS, 0, 0);
return retVal;
}
8.将操作系统打包的事件解包、翻译为QApplication可识别的事件
bool QETWidget::translateMouseEvent(const MSG &msg)
{
......
res = QApplicationPrivate::sendMouseEvent(target, &e, alienWidget, this, &qt_button_down, qt_last_mouse_receiver);
}
9.根据事件类型发送事件
bool QApplicationPrivate::sendMouseEvent(QWidget *receiver, QMouseEvent *event,
QWidget *alienWidget, QWidget *nativeWidget,QWidget **buttonDown, QPointer<QWidget> &lastMouseReceiver,bool spontaneous)
{
...
if (spontaneous)
result = QApplication::sendSpontaneousEvent(receiver, event);
else
result = QApplication::sendEvent(receiver, event);
...
return result;
}
10.发送事件
inline bool QCoreApplication::sendSpontaneousEvent(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
{
//将event标记为自发事件
//进一步调用 2-5 QCoreApplication::notifyInternal
if (event)
event->spont = true;
return self ? self->notifyInternal(receiver, event) : false;
}
11.线程内事件的处理
bool QCoreApplication::notifyInternal(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
{
...
// 以下代码主要意图为Qt强制事件只能够发送给当前线程里的对象，也就是说receiver->d_func()->threadData应该等于QThreadData::current()。
//注意，跨线程的事件需要借助Event Loop来派发
QObjectPrivate *d = receiver->d_func();
QThreadData *threadData = d->threadData;
++threadData->loopLevel;
QT_TRY {
returnValue = notify(receiver, event);
} QT_CATCH (...) {
--threadData->loopLevel;
QT_RETHROW;
}
...
return returnValue;
}
12.事件的派发
任何线程的任何对象的所有事件在发送时都会调用notify()函数。
bool QCoreApplication::notify(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
{
Q_D(QCoreApplication);
// no events are delivered after ~QCoreApplication() has started
if (QCoreApplicationPrivate::is_app_closing)
return true;
if (receiver == 0) { // serious error
qWarning("QCoreApplication::notify: Unexpected null receiver");
return true;
}
#ifndef QT_NO_DEBUG
d->checkReceiverThread(receiver);#endif
return receiver->isWidgetType() ? false : d->notify_helper(receiver, event);
}
13.使用事件过滤器对发送的事件进行过滤处理
bool QCoreApplicationPrivate::notify_helper(QObject *receiver, QEvent * event)
{
// send to all application event filters
if (sendThroughApplicationEventFilters(receiver, event))
return true;
// 向事件过滤器发送该事件，这里介绍一下Event Filters. 事件过滤器是一个接受即将发送给目标对象所有事件的对象。
//如代码所示它开始处理事件在目标对象行动之前。过滤器的QObject::eventFilter（）实现被调用，能接受或者丢弃过滤
//允许或者拒绝事件的更进一步的处理。如果所有的事件过滤器允许更进一步的事件处理，事件将被发送到目标对象本身。
//如果他们中的一个停止处理，目标和任何后来的事件过滤器不能看到任何事件。
if (sendThroughObjectEventFilters(receiver, event))
return true;
return receiver->event(event);
}
14.事件派发至QObject的子类QWidget
bool QWidget::event(QEvent *event)
{
...
switch (event->type()) {
case QEvent::MouseMove:
mouseMoveEvent((QMouseEvent*)event);
break;
case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:
#if 0
resetInputContext();
#endif
mousePressEvent((QMouseEvent*)event);
break;
...
}
15.QWidget调用预定义的槽函数执行相应的动作
